What is Colorectal Cancer?

Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the colon or rectum. The colon and rectum are parts of your large intestine. This cancer is common worldwide, and early detection can save lives. According to the CDC, colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths. However, regular screening and healthy habits can lower your risk.

Common Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer

Often, colorectal cancer does not cause symptoms right away. But as the cancer grows, you may notice changes. Early signs of colorectal cancer can include:

Blood in your stool or rectal bleeding

Ongoing stomach pain or cramps

Unexplained weight loss

Feeling tired or weak

Changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation

Feeling that your bowel does not empty fully

However, these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions. If you notice any of these signs, it is important to talk to your doctor.

Causes and Risk Factors

Colorectal cancer happens when cells in the colon or rectum grow out of control. While the exact cause is not always clear, several risk factors can increase your chance of getting this cancer. For example:

Being over age 50

Having a family history of colorectal cancer

Eating a diet low in fiber and high in red or processed meats

Smoking or heavy alcohol use

Being overweight or not active

Having certain conditions, like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis

On the other hand, not everyone with these risk factors will develop cancer. But knowing your risks can help you take steps to protect your health.

How Colorectal Cancer is Diagnosed

Doctors use several tests to find colorectal cancer. Early detection through colorectal cancer screening can help find cancer before symptoms appear. Common tests include:

Colonoscopy: A doctor looks inside your colon with a thin, flexible tube.

Stool tests: These check for blood or abnormal DNA in your stool.

CT colonography: This is a special scan that creates pictures of your colon.

If a test finds something unusual, your doctor may take a small tissue sample (biopsy) to check for cancer cells. Early diagnosis gives you more treatment options and a better chance of recovery.

Treatment Options

Treatment for colorectal cancer depends on the stage and location of the cancer. Your doctor will discuss the best plan for you. Common treatments include:

Surgery to remove the cancer

Chemotherapy to kill cancer cells

Radiation therapy to shrink tumors

Targeted therapy or immunotherapy for some cases

Sometimes, doctors use more than one treatment. For example, you may have chemotherapy before or after surgery. Your care team will explain the benefits and side effects of each option.

Prevention Tips and Lifestyle Guidance

Although you cannot control every risk factor, you can lower your chance of colorectal cancer with healthy choices. Here are some tips:

Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

Limit red and processed meats

Stay active and maintain a healthy weight

Avoid smoking and limit alcohol

Get regular colorectal cancer screening, especially if you are over 45 or have a family history

In addition, talk to your doctor about your personal risk. They can help you decide when to start screening and which tests are best for you.

When to See a Doctor

If you notice any signs of colorectal cancer, do not wait. For example, if you see blood in your stool or have ongoing stomach pain, contact your doctor right away. Early action can make a big difference. Also, ask about screening if you are over 45 or have a family history of colon or rectal cancer. Many clinics and hospitals offer screening programs in your area.

In summary, knowing the symptoms, causes, and prevention tips for colorectal cancer can help you stay healthy. Consult us today for personalised advice on colorectal cancer.